Clutch and throttle control for outboard motors



A. R. LONG May I9-, 1953 CLUTCH AND THROTTLE CONTROL FOR OUTBOARD MOTORS y Filed D66. 13, 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet l.

May 19, 1953 A. R. LONG 2,638,862

CLUTCH AND THROTTLE CONTROL FOR OUTBOARD MOTORS F'led Dec. 13, 1950' l 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 ,L M70/ENE Q15'.

May 19,'153 A. R. LONG 2,638,862

CLUTCH AND THROTTLE CONTROL FOR OUTBOARDMOTORS 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 May 19, 1953 A A. R LONG 2,633,352

CLUTCH AND THROTTLE CONTROL FOR OUTBOARD MOTORS Filed nec. 13, 195o 4 Smets-sheet 4 IN V EN TOR.

Patented May 19, 1953 CLUTCH AND THROTTLE YOONTROL FOR OUTBOARD MOTORS Arthur R. Long, New Holstein, Wis., assignor to -Y Hart-Carter Company, Peoria, Ill., a corporation of .Delaware Application December 13, 1956,*seria1 No. `200,660

Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in outboard motors, and more'particularly to outboard motors of the type provi-ded with reversing mechanism. Outboard motors have heretofore been provided with reversing mechanisms locatedin their propeller shaft housings, which mechanismsk accomplish the reversingaction by means'of jaw clutches or gears which are shiftable into and out o f engagement with each-other. This type of reversing mechanism requires a relatively large propeller shaft housing which results in an increase in the resistance of the motor to movement through the water. In addition, it is a prerequisite to use of this type of reversing mechan ism that the engine'be slowed down to idling v'speed before shifting from, one direction tothe other. The reason for this is that jaw clutches o r gears must 'engage during this shifting opera-y tion, and to shift them at high speed would result in clashing and possible serious injury thereto.

With the above in mind, it is a general object of the present invention to providean improved outboard motor having a constant mesh transmission which can be shifted directly from forward to reverse or vice-versa Without prior slowing down of the engine, and Without any danger of injury to the transmission. A

-' A further object of the invention is to provide an Vimproved outboard motor of the class described wherein the reversing transmission provides a pre-determined gear reduction when shifted into reverse.

A further object of the invention is to provide an outboard motor ofthe class described whereinthe transmission and thehousing therefor are located adjacent to but above the Waterline, thereby permittingfthe use of a relatively compact underwater structure and atthe same time providing for dissipation of heatfrom the trans--` mission to the water, not only by conduction downwardly through the drive shaft housing therebelow, but also directly to the water which splashes up onto the transmission housing during operation. v

A further object of the invention is to provide an outboard motor of the class described having throttle limiting mechanism which is connected to the shifting lever in a manner to limit the speed of the motor whenever the motor is shifted into neutral or reverse positions,l thereby eliminating anydanger of the motor overspeeding whenin in neutral or reverse, such overspeeding being a `problem because of the decrease in load.

A further object of the invention is to provide 2 v an outboard motor of the class described wherein there is improved locking means, actuated upon shifting of the motor into reverse, for preventing the motor from pulling itself out of the wate when so shifted. i1 A further object of the invention is to provide an outboard motor of the class described which provides easy maneuverability and docking-of the boat, and which is quiet during the shifting operation.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved outboard motor of the class described wherein the throttle linkage is readily adjustable to permit operation of the motor at a predetermined limited speed above-idling when shifted into reverse.

A further object of the invention is to provide an outboard motor of the class described which is strong and durable, efficient and safe in operation, and otherwise Well adapted for the purposes described.

With the above and other objects in view, the invention consists of the improved outboard motor, and all of its parts and combinations, as set forth in the claims, and all equivalents thereof' In the drawings accompanying and forminga part of this specification, wherein is shown one complete embodiment of the preferred form yof the invention, and wherein like characters of reference indicate-the same parts in all of the views: Fig. 1 is a fragmentary vertical sectional'view from front to rear taken through the mounting assembly and transmission of the improved outboard motor, as indicated by the line l`-I of Fig. 2;

Fig, 2 is a fragmentary rear elevational view of the improved outboard motor, the transmission casing being broken away to show the transmission mechanism therein; Fig. 3 is a sectional plan' view taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a sectional plan view taken along the line 4-4 of Fig. 2;

Fig. V 5 is a fragmentary elevational View of the left side of the improved outboard motor looking inthe opposite direction from Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view taken approximately along the line 6-6 of Fig'. 5; Fig. 7 is a fragmentary plan view of the powerh ead of the improved outboardmotor; Fig. 8 is a fragmentary elevational view-of the right side of the powerhead ofthe improved outboard motor; n

Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the throttle limiting linkage;

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary transverse sectional view taken along the line iii-i6 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 11 is a side elevational view of the improved outboardfmotoron a reduced scale;

Fig. 12.is..av fragmentary schematicview showing a portion of the linkage of Fig. 9 in neutral and reverse position;

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary plan view of a modified form of throttle actuating linkage;

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary elevational view-simih lar to Fig. 8 and showing the modified-formof.,

the invention shown in Fig. 131;.,andY

Fig. 15 is a fragmentary front elevational view of the modified form of throttle. actuatinglink.- age shown in Figs. 13 and 14.'

Referring more particularly to Fig. 121: of-j the drawing, the improved outboard motor comprises, iriageneralla-Y powerhead l5 which may include an internal combustion engine an elongated. hollow casing depending from the powerheadi and having at its lowerendiapropeller shaft-.housing L1 and a propeller i6. The improved' motor is adaptedori connection tothe transom of a boat byjfmeans of a clamp and: bracket assembly i9 pivotallyf connectedtothe casing: I6. in. amanner tothe later describedl n The upper end of the elongated housingl I6 is preferably enlarged asv shown, and may have a flanged;connection,A 26.I (Fig,V 1) with, the powerhead; Spacedv below the connection 2li, the enlarged.upperf portion of. the housing |6 is pro- 36 and 31, meshes with the sun gear 35 and with the ring gear 3Q. A spacer sleeve 45 surrounds the connecting screw 43 between the plates 36 and 31. More than one planet pinion 44 may be used.

A circular rim 46, which is channel shaped in crossf section and.. which has annular outwardly projecting: edge flanges;4 is. coaxiaflly fixed, as by welding, to the carrier plate 31 and forms a brake Formed on the inner surface of the rim 46 are preferably four equally spaced, ax-

iall-y extending ribs" 41. Threadeclly xed on the shaft 2-5tradially inwardly of the ri-m 46 is a col- VV lar 48 which is*l preferably formed with four externaL. equallyY spaced, axially extending ribs 49. A pluralityf. of; circular metal plates or clutch discs 5|),.having diameters slightly less than the inner' diameter ofI the rim 46 are formed with centrali apertures slightly larger than the diameter of the collar 4E plus its lugs 49, and are positioned,aroundsaidcollar withinitherilnil(i. The plates 5t are.v formedllwith rectangular. peripheral notches 5|. which. axially slidably,.but non-rotat'.- ably, receive the ribs 4T ofthe rim 46 as shown in, Fig. 4.. Preferably, four circular. metal, plates or clutch.discs 52;.havingdiameters slightly less than .the diametric distanceV between opposingribs 41, and formed"` with central apertures slightly larger than the. outer. diameter of.. the collar`46 are positioned around said" coll'ar within therin vided with a horizontaltpartition 2i, and, spaced i below the partition 2| at the lower endof the enlargedportion. of the casing i6 is.V a horizontal partition 2.2. An oil4 reservoir 23 is formed vabove thepar'tition- 2|, and a transmissionhousing 24 betwerlfthe partitions 2.|a nd.22. H

Extending from the powerhead l5 downwardly through.4 the oil reservoir. 23. isa` drive` shaft. 25 which, extends-through a suitable aperture inthe partition.2.|into the. lower.r portionof the transmissionA housing. 24. A tubular sleeve 2S, sur.- rounds the drive shaft within the oil reservoir 23l-and.is,-sutably sealedat its. upper andlower endstoV the powerliead andpartitioni respectively to isolate the drive shaftZt fromy theoil withinthe reservoir 23.. The drive shaft 25`is ro.-

tatablyrs'upported in abearing 2li. carriedlby the partition 2|. The partition 22 4is formed'withan upstandingrecessed boss28 in Awhich is mounted'a bearing, 29.. A'ring.- gear. Sti-is p ositionedinthe transmission housing M andn is vformed witlia. depending coaxial, tubular, extension 3i' having, a cylindrical'bore 'portion 32' at its upper end; and beingj internally. splined atits. lower end to `receive a. drivenshat 33K. The tubular extension 3l' is rotatably supported' inthe tearing. 2sv tis-suomi,

and a sleeve bearing 34Tis"positioneiin the bore 3 2-, to rotatably receive the lowerl end' ofthe drive shaft' 25; as shown.

spaced above the sleeve bearingv 34", the drive shaft Zis formed vwith an integral, coaxiaisun gear 35. Rotatably mountedWY on the drive* sliaft 25 immediately above and'below the `vsun gear'35 are a pairofparallel', preferablycircular-carrier plates 36an'd31. The carrier plates 36 andl` 31 are formedv with` aligned^` aperture-:s V 3-8 Land 39"' to receive the ends'V ofa bearing'pin 4U'as-,shown. The p'late31"'i`sI formedlwith a countersun'kaperture 4 and' the-plate '361 with' avcoaxial` threaded .merture"A 42 to receive a flat headed connecting screwl 4'3lassliown. A1 planetpinion 44, rotatably mounted on the bearing pin 4|! betweentli'e plates 4e. The plates 52 are, frmedfwitli rectangular notches 53" inthe marginofthecentral aperture thereof,` said notches., axially.y sl'idably.I andl non# rotatably receivingthe ribsfaofthe collar,4'8`, .as shown in Figs.. 1 and 4. The.plates. Mares alter.- naterl with the plates` 56..- i'n.larhii1ated=V relation: ship, and between vadj Aacentil plates., 52'. and'. 50"r are centrally aperturedcircnlar. platesroffrictionmafterial 54,. said" plates. having outside diameters equal to thediameters ofltlieplates 52 andlaving, centralaperture diameters,wlii`ch..ar'ey of sub.-

stantiall'y the same size as' the central` apertures in the plates..

A circular pressure plate 55. is. formed'. with. an upstanding,` axial. tubular extension. 56.' which. is keyed on the driyeshaft. 2'5` for! axially slid'able movementk thereal'ong. Abearing 51 isffxed'on the tubular extensionl as by a snap ring. 5B'. A thrust collar 'is positionedlaroundtheshaft 25 and. has` a.. downwardly. projecting peripheral rim in engagement withtlie snapv ring. 58... Aseoondthrust collar. 6 itis positioned aroundV the .shaft 2.5 and is `provided.with acoaxialbossfon its upper surface positioned in engagement witlrthepor.- tionof. the bearing. 2 1 which.` is.` xed to .the shaft 25 A..helical compressionspringt 6| encircleathe shaft.. 26. and. urges. the'thrust collars 59 and 60 in opposite directions. acallar easurroundsthe bearing. 5.1; andis. formed withfan inturnedilange at its. lower. edge. A; pair. of, diametrically` aligned trunnionsf are-formed on-andi-project outwardq lyfrom. the collar-62..

Referringrto Figs; 1, 2: and, ayokefimenoirles the collar 62- an'd isiforinedfwithsslots rtos-lcpsely receive t1ie trunnions66;` Theiyokesiis-;formed with diametrically oppositely directed cares-@Brand 61; and said?.yoleefisipivotally mountedsonaaphori zontali bolt 66# which: extends through'= the .ear :66 and which is suitablyssupporte'ct atfoneside oftlie housing 36'; 'ihetearf'tifiisverticallyfap'ertured to threade'dlyf receivea 'cam follower screw: 69 which has a lonk-4 nutfthreadedltliereon; A horizontal cam shaft'. 11| isL suitably` journaledi atroneside Lof the icas-ingv Eian'd" has fixed toene-end thereof *ex*- tei-ioriy @ftheeasiiiglslacamt 122.- Fixetrte-tiie cppesiteiend ofi-the'ishait-ffl, exteribriy-ofitlie cassurface contact.

.and 18. A horizontal shaft 19 is rotatably mounted in the casing I6 parallel with and below the shaft 1I the shaft 19 Aextending loosely through the apertures in the ears l1 and 1S of the .brake band 15 and Ahaving one end projecting exteriorlyof the casing I6. Fixed on the projecting end of the shaft` 19 is a brake operating lever 66. Fixed on the shaft 19 adjacentthe ear 18 of the brake band is a cam-8 i ,Y I

Referring yto Figs. 4 and 10, theear 18 is formed Lwith an annular ,cam lsurface 62 facing the cam i `8|. The cam surface 82 preferably has a sector 83 which is approximately QOdegrees in angular extent and which is spacedfrom the remainder of Ithe cam surface 82 in a direction toward the cam 8|, the parallel surfaces 62 and 63 being joined by an inclined surface 66 (see Fig. e), which meets vthe surface 82 along the line S5 (see Fig. l0). The cam 8| is formed with a flat annular end surface 86 which, in Fig. 4, abuts the surface 69 of .the ear 18. `,extends angularly about ,276 degrees. The cam -6I is formed with a cam projection S1 having a iiat end surface spaced from the annular surface 86 in a direction toward the ear 78 a distance substantially equal to the spacing between vthe sur- `faces 82 and 83 of said ear. The flat end surface of the cam projection 811s joined to the fiat surface 86 by an inclined surface preferably having v.substantially the same angularity and extent a -the inclined surface 84 of theear 61.

In Figs. 4 and l0 the inclined surfaces of the cam-8| and ear18 are in substantially complete It is apparent from the drawing The annular surface 66 preferably that if the operating lever 86 is lifted from the i horizontal position shown, the cam projection 61 fwill slide along the flat surface 82 and no motion :will be imparted to the vear 18. If, however, the varm 86 is moved downwardly from the'horizontal -position shown in Fig. 4, the cam projection 81 ""will ride up on the inclined surface III of the ear -18 to bringthe flat end surface'of said projection into contact with the cam surface 83 of the ear 13. In so moving, the cam 8| will-force the ear 18 `rtoward the ear 11 and will thereby tighten the brake band 15; A compression spring 88 surj'rounds the shaft 19 and is interposed between the ears 11 and 18 and urgessaid ears apart g Referring to Fig. 1, the front of the casing I6 lis formed with a pair of spaced coaxial, vertically Aaligned bearings' 89 and 96, and mounted on said bearings is a vertical shaft 9| which is spaced from `the front wallof the 'casing I6 as shown. The mounting bracket assembly I9 preferably comprises a pair of C type clamps 92 each having a hand screw 93. The clamps 92 have elongated, depending rear legs 94, which legs are provided l'along rear edges with a plurality of apertures 95.

Carried by the clamps 92 is a horizontal pivot bolt 96, and pivotally mounted on the bolt 96 area pair .of I, shaped brackets 91 which extend rearwardly and downwardly as shown. The brackets 91 may vbe provided with angled elongated slots 98 to re ceiv'e a pin 99 which pin is positioned in aselected .kpairsofwaligned apertures 95 to holdthe bracket 6 91 in a desired angular relationship with respect to the arm 94 of the clamp 92. y

1 Also pivotallyy mounted .on the .bolt 96 is a bracket |66 which may be generally L-shaped' and which also extends rearwardly and downwardly. The bracket |66 is formed adjacent its rear edge with a pair of coaxial vertically spaced bearings I6| and |62 through which the shaft 9| rotatably extends. The bearing |62 is preferably cylindrical in shape, and slidably mounted thereon is a collar |63 having a circumferential groove |64 and also having in its upper end surface, an annular recess.|65. Extending transversely between, and integral' with the brackets 91 is a member |66 which may be U-shaped in cross" section and which projects rearwardly from 'said brackets. The member |66 carriesr at its rear 4end an arcuate plate |61 which is integraland which is substantially semicircular in horizontal section. The arcuate plate |61 normallyembraces the cylindrical bearing |62 as shown, The thickness of the arcuate plate |61 and the sizeof the annular recess |65 in the collar |63 are'such that the collar can be slid vertically upwardlyto the position shown in dot and dash lines in' Fig. 6 wherein it overlaps the lower end of the plate l|61 to thereby prevent relativelateral movement between said plate and bearing |62.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 6a1yoke |68, preferably sernicircular, is positioned adjacent the collar H13-and has inwardly directed ears positioned in the groove |64 of said collar. The yoke I 66 is rfixed to a lever |69 which'is L-shaped in pla-n View and which is pivotally mounted intermediate its length on a `screwI I6 onA-the front of the casing I6 between ther bearing 96 and shaft 1|. The end of the lever |69 opposite the yoke |66 is positioned in engagement with the underside of the cam 12 as shown, and a 'tension spring I I I` is connected at one end to the lever |69 adjacent the yoke |68, and has its-other end anchored to a bracket I2 suitably connected to the Vbottom of the bearing boss 96. The spring I I I pullsdownwardly on the yoke |68 andthereby urges the collar |63 into the lowered position shown'.- In so doing, the spring I I I also urges the outer end of the lever |69 upwardly into frictional engagement with the cam 12.

Referring to Figs. 5, 6 and 8, the outer ends of the operating arms 13 and 60 are pivotally connected by a pair of links I I3 in such a manner that said arms remain substantially parallel in all positions of movement. A vertically extending rod IM is bifurcated at its upper and lower ends and is pivotally connected at its lower end to the outer end of the arm 13at the connection of said arm with the links II3. At its upper end the rod IM is pivotally connected to one arm -of a bell` crank lever I|5 which lever ispivotally mounted on thepowerhead I5 for movement on a'horizontal axis. 'A shifting lever II6 in the form of a bell crank is mounted on the vpowerhead I5 for movement on a vertical axis, said lever having one arm projecting forwardly from the powerhead I5 and provided with a manually engageableigrip I I1. The other arm of the shifting lever II6 is linked to the other arm of the bell crank lever ||5 by means of a rod II6. The position ofthe parts in Figs. 5, 7 and 8 correspond, andthe linkage between the shifting lever II6 and operating arms 13 and 86 is such that movement of the shifting lever I I6 in a countervclockwise direction from its position as viewed in Fig. 7 4causes downward movement of the rod |I4 and arms 13 and 86.

Reterrine' to: 'I andi 8;. pmerhea Il may include a carburetor.- LES-which; isconnented .to :amintake manifold #2d honing; at branch; leading. to.- thef. inta-loe pent of; eacl-r cyli'nider'of;d the internal. combustion; enginei. The carburetor Irl-9 isiprovidedawitlnthe usual butterflytype throttle vali/e therein (-notshownl mountedion-.az rotatablethrottl'e-shaft |121 Which-shaft. proal ects; from thecarburetor.

Fixed. on. theshaft.V 21|` isx a pairof; juxtaposed copos-italy directed throttle;- arrosf |22 andi |23 whichfineffect form a. single; throttle.x arm fixed on-l tne shelf-t.- |-2|L Freely.- rotatahly, mounted. on the? throttle sha-tt |24. ie an. auxiliaryL arin. |24 is. adjacent to and; longer than thef arm I-ZSl. The. armA |23- is. formed at its enten end with: aa lip: 125- v/-hi'ch underlies the arm' 1:24; and which@ is. norir-iallyJ held in engagement. with said avm by aconventional throttle-shat-spring; |231' (Fig. 9). The: spring: |232 urges the throttle valve and. its4 shaft |.2.|.- in. a counterolookwise.

direction asviewed'.- in Fig. 9,.said directiorrbeing tow-ard the.x wide open position. of.. they throttle. The outer end of the arm. |.f2A is formedwith a la-teiraillyI directed ear |23, which earv carries. an adjustable. stop. screw L21.. The; sore |212 is adapted. to; engage a-.portion L21. in` a clockwise direction, as viewed ming-.9., and.' thereby.- prou-idle a neutral. speed` setting. to be lat-er described.A A

secondi. adjustable stop.y screw LZil is. mountedV on the. carburetor |i|=9 in` a. position to be engaged by the. lip 1.25; on. the arm |123r to. lim-llt the-tranci of.- said arm. in. a clockwise direction, as viewed inJFig... 9, rand thereby providean idle. speed.y settngto be later described.

A bell` crank lever |229-, is suitably` pivotally mounted; on the powerhead adjacent the: inner :xr-1n. of` theshiitinalever t6. tor movementabont an axis which is.parallel..with-` the aXisOf. D-VG-'al movement .ofthe bell. crank lever; tlandattsubstantially aright angle with! the. axis.- of.. the throttle shaft. |.2.|l.y shifting lever H6. is formed adjacent. the end. of. itsr innerl arm. with a cam. It which-is.` engageable with. one: arm of A. tension the. .bell .crankA lever [2H as: shown.. spring. ll, which` issubstantially stronger. than the thnottleshalft spring, isconnected at one end to the other armof, the bell., crank. lever |29- and extendstdownwardly to a. bracket. L32 which is suitably anchored to the powerliead.y It isapparenttliat. the spring- |f3| urges the; hell` crank lever L25. im a eountercloclrwise direction as viewedin: Fig. E.. A rod. tot linksthe-bell crank lever |29) toI the arm. til-.4. on the: carburetor shaft as shown. Thev lower. arm. of: the bell crank lever l |-2 9 isI formed; with an. apertured. out-turned.- ear |134.. and. arodf |35 is pivotal-ly connectedat its left hand. end tothe-bell crank-.lever |2- Ii5 adjacent its oonnectionto the rod. M4, and the.: other end .et said-.rod slidably'extends. through theta-portare inthe ear L34 of .the bell cranklever |29.. The

rig-ht. hand endl ot therod |35- is. provided- With-.a

.ni-it and lcclnnut- L36, asshown.

Ereelyrotatably mounted4 as on the screw- `Hifi of. the manifold |1256; is.- a pairoi arms Hm and |139.. The-,airis of. the: screw |31? is preferably parallelA with: the axis: of; pivotal movement of the" bell cranhlevers H and |2L. The arm |233 is termed with a lip" tti! which underlies tliearm B13-31 as shown. and rod tati pivotally' links the end portions of the arms. |22 and |38'. A'. manu.- ailly; operable rodi Util is; pivotallyf linked: toy the end. oi the.- arm. Iii-,9s and. mayf be connected. with a suitablev manually operable' throttle control lever (not shown).

When the shifting' lever ilt-i'sdisposedl irrtlre positionshownin` Figs. '7" and: 8'-, the-parts ofthe transmission.. and throttle lirillage"areA disposed* as shown in Figs; 1, 2"; 5', 7, 8 and- 9*. The-throttle is fullyA openand the springl lm isfl instretched condition; springy 612 urges' the; pressure plate-55j downwardly ontotheclutchxdiscs 5|),` 5'2 and 54"to create sunlcient' friction therebetween to lock said discs-tofotherA andt causetherim- 46?- to bei fixed'- te the collar 48- a-ndf. to`4 the shaft 251.- Th'e braise,Z band T-S is' released in position, since the lever 80 isinvv upwardly-f inclined position andi,A asf previouslyf stated., raising: of the-leven Bulabovealienizontal position has no etieet upon-'the released condition ofthe brakeband.

Rotation of the shaft 25 causes rotation with oftlie rini- 46?, carrier plates 3.6 and 3.1i and r-n'g gear' 3|?. Since the surrgear 35T- is integral `with" the shaft-25'; and since there iszndrelatiwc rotation1 bow/eenl said gear andi the carrierplates 3S.'` and 3T, the pianetpinion doesf notv rotate.- on its axis. Rotation` of the shaftl 25 'thena results in a: direct driveof the driven sha-ft; 33 through the trzmsmission,v and this in turncauses'. rotation of' the propeller drive shaft: lili and propeller Il?` ina. direction -to impart: forward movement= to the boatito which the outboard motor is; attached. XF/'flii-l'eV the throttle linkage is@ shownwith the throttle. shaftirr. wideopen position.. the speed of the engine can be readily reduced'. to; any desired. level by actuating: thethrottle controllo-cer (not. shown) in amarmer to cause movementoi the throttle rod@ 42:' tu; the left; as. viewedi Eiga. 'l to. 91.. This: causes conrnzer-cl'ocliwisiv movement of the: arms |395 and |38'.. andi.. through. the.2 link t5! I1,v causes; clockwiserotationof the: arms |12 2 and |23. and: throttle` shaft. 1:2 As previmlslyr stated, clockwise rotation of the. throttle-'shan'. |.2| moves the throttle-valve. toward closed position.. Iii-desired', the throttle valve can be moved to idle position in-.th-is manner regardless-y of the position of the-shifting?. lever; lever.' |1243;A or arm |24..

Movement ci theshiftinglever tttolthe new tralposi-tion show-n in'. dot and. dashI lines; in Fig.. 'l causes. pivoting of the bell crank lever H5 by. the rod. H8; to the neutral position shown in dot and. das-h lines in` Fig. 8'.` This moves7 the-rod H' vertical-ly downwardly,1 and in. turn: causes movement.- of. the armsz 1.3 and.; lilly from. theraised positions.showfn` in Figs. 51 and 8- and. inv datand dasnlines inligs. 3., 4 and 6. vdoiwnwardly to the horizontal positions shown. in Figs. 3|,y .4 and. Referring, to Eig..2l,. willlbe apparent that down ward. movement of the. arm, i3. from. the; dot and dash line. position. shown. in saidA gure.- causes clockwise rotation of. thev shaft lll' and. cam- T4, thereby causing said cam to raise the. Camiel.- lower 69 and thereby swing the yoke 64' upwardly aboutits' pivot: 682. Referring to Fig.' I, it wil'lbc seen that raising of the yoke 813' causes upward movement therewith of theA collar 821,v bearing 5.1 and pressure plate 55. This movementv acts to compress the' spring Si. ReleaseV of1 the, down.- Wardpressure on the; disks 50, 52 and 54* by the pressure plate 5,5- permits relative rotation of the disks' 5U and 52y thereby also p61'.- mitting' relative rotation of the rirn 46 and collar 48 fixedtothe sha-itv 25. Sincethev rim 46 is` integral with the. planet carrier formed by the plates- 36- and 3-1, liftingof the pressure plate 55 permits free rotation of said pla-net carrier relative to the shaft' 25 and sun gea-r 35. When condition; exists; rotation of the shaft' 2.6

In'- thetransmission housingl Zf thev merely causes rotation of the planet carrier on the to rotate the same in a counter-clockwise direction as viewed in-Figs. 8, 9 and l2 to the dot and dash line position thereof shown in Fig. 12. As the lever |29 is so moved, the link |33 pulls the arm |24 downwardly until the stop screw |21 abuts the portion |21 of the carburetor. As the arm |24 is so moved, the arm |23 is moved therewith by the lip |25, and such movement causes rotation of the throttle :haft |2| to a position wherein the throttle valve is in nearly closed or neutral position. This neutral position provides a throttle valve opening preferably slightly larger thanzidling speed throttle opening, and the neutral throttle setting is readily adjustable by turny ing the screw |27, If it is desired to slow the motor below neutral speed as set by the screw |21, the manual throttle control may be used to move the link |42 toward the left as viewed in Figs. -7vto 9, thereby causing further clockwise rotation of the throttle shaft |2| in the manner lpreviously described untilthe lip |25 abuts the vscrew |28. Idling speed-fis thus attained, and this speed is readily adjustable by turning the stop screw |28. A y f It is apparent that movement of the shifting lever IIB from forward to. neutral position, not only stops the transmissionof power to the driven Vshaft 33 and propeller I8, but through the-throt .tlelirnitinglinkage it also automatically slowsthe engine to a speed only slightly above idling speed to prevent overspeeding due to the no load condition prevailing whenthe lever 6 is so shifted.

When vthe shifting lever H6 is moved to the reverse position shown in dot and dash lines in Fig. 7, the beller-ank lever is rotated by the rod HB to the reverse position thereof shown in dot and dash lines in Fig. 8. This causes further downward movement of the rod i4 which in turn swings the arms 13 and 8|) downwardly to their `lowermost position shown in dot and dash lines in Fig. 6 and rotates the shafts 1| and 1S therewith. This movement of the arm 'i3 causes counterclockwise rotation of the -cam 12,. as viewed .in Fig. 6, which .in turn pivots the lever |09 Ato raise the yoke |58 and coll-ar |54 so thaty said collar embraces the lower end portion of the -arcuate plate Il, as shown in dot and dash =lines -in Fig. 6. This locks the'bearing` |02 to the bracket S1 and prevents rearward movement of the casing I6 away from the bracket9'|"and clamps 92. As the cam l2 vthus pivots the lever IML-'the spring is stretched, said spring being operable to move the lever |09 and collar |04 back to the position shown in solid lines in Fig; 6

whenever the cam 'I2 is later rotated to its position shown in Fig. 6. -1 Referring to Fig. 4, movement of the arm 8 downwardly from' a horizontal position to its lowermost position causes the cam 8| to rotate, and inthe manner previously described, to move the ear 'F8 of the brake band 15 toward the ear 'il of said band to thereby tighten said band on the rim 46. This locks the rim 46 and planet vcarrying plates 36 and 31 against rotation and holds the planet pinion 44 on a lfixed axis. Referring to Fig. 2, it will be noted that movement of the arm 73 to its lowermost position shown in dot and dash lines in Fig. 6 causes the cam 'I4 to continue to hold the yoke 64 in raised position and to thereby permit continued rotation of the shaft 25 relative to the rim 46 and planet carrying plates.

In this condition, rotation of the shaft 25 and sun gear 35 causes rotation of the planet pinion d4 on its fixed axis, and rotation of the planet pinion on a xed axis causes reverse rotation of the ring gear 30 at reduced speed. The reverse rotation atl reduced speed is, of course, transmitted through the driven shaft 33 to the propeller shaft and propeller |8. While a variety of speed ratios is possible in reverse, depending upon the size of the gears used, a planetary gear set which causes reverse rotation 'of the driven shaft 33 at half the speed of the drive shaft 25 has proven verysatisfactory.

The length of the rod |35 isvsuch that the -nuts |36 are spaced from the ear l|34 when the parts are disposed as shown in Figs. 7 to 9. When, however, the bell crank lever |5 is moved to the reversed position shown in dot and dash lines in Fig. 8, said lever pulls the rod |35 to the `left bringing the nuts |35 into abutment with the ear |34, as shown in Fig. 12, to cause a slight clockwise rotation of the lever |29 to the position thereof shown in Fig.y 12. This slight clockwise rotation of the lever |29 causes the rod |33 to raise the arm |24 slightly from its neutral position, and this permits the throttle valve'spring to rotate the throttle -shaft |-2| and arms |22 and' |25 a short distance toward open position. The amount of this opening is readily adjustable by Varying the position of the nuts |36 on the rod |35. It y'is apparent, however, that the throttle linkage limits the speed of the engine in reverse to a predetermined safe level which is preferably slightly -abovel neutral speed.

Due to the fact that outboard motor propeller are notoriously inefficient-in reverse and therefore require very little'power when so operated, there is great danger of overspeeding at such times, and the improved throttle limiting mechanism automatically prevents such overspeeding. In addition, such a speed limitation is necessary because the flat nature of a boat transom causes water to spill thereover into the boat when the boat is moved in a reverse direction through the water at too great a speed.

The improvedrmotorcan be shifted instantaneously from forward to reverse or vice-versa with complete rsafety and `without yrequiring manual operation of a separate throttle control lever.A Shifting-of the shifting lever ||6 automatically idles the engine when in'neutral and limits the speed of thev engine to a safe vspeed above idling when Iin reverse, while permitting any desired speed when shifted to forward position. Due to the fact that the improved motor embodies va-constant mesh transmission, there is no danger of clashing of gears on shifting, and thereis no requirement of slowing clown the engine in vany way prior to shifting.

Referring to Fig. l1, it will be noted that the transmission housing 2-4 is located just above the normal water level of the improved outboard motor. Lubrication for the planetary gear set in the transmission housing 24 is provided by a quantity of oil whichis placed in the bottom of said housingythelevel of the oil being indicated by the dot and dash line in Fig. y1.] During'opera- '13 minimum setting above idle to which the throttlc arm-may be urged by said auxiliary ann; operatinglinkage connected to said auxiliary arm; asecondspring stronger than said first spring connected to said operating linkage in a mannerto-urge said auxiliary armrin a direction vto movev the throttle arm in a throttle closy ing direction; a movably mounted manually op-J" erable shifting lever connected to said transmission Yfor-shifting the latter, said shifting lever having a portion engageable with said operating linkage, said lever being so positioned that when itis moved to one position it actuates said i sion connected to said power head and to said propeller shaft; a movable throttle arm on said power head; a rst spring coacting with said throttle Yarm to normally urge the latter ina throttle opening direction; a movable auxiliary arm mounted on said power head and engageable with a portion of said throttle arm to limit the movement of the latter-in a throttle opening direction; operating linkage connected to said auxiliary arm; v a ysecond spring stronger than said first spring connected to said operating linkage in a manner. to urge said auxiliary arm in a direction to `move the throttle arm in a throttle closing direction; a movably 4mounted manually j operable shifting lever connected to said transy mission for shifting the latter, said shifting lever having a portion -engageable with said operating linkage, saidlever being so positioned that when it is moved to one position it actuates said linkage against the action of said second spring to movethe auxiliary arm in a direction to permit the rst spring tov move the throttle arm toward open position; a manual control in addition to said shifting lever, I linkage connecting said manual control to said throttle arm, said linkage including va pair of independently movable arms mountedy on the head and having abutment portionspositioned to transmit motion between said arms in a throttle closing direction only. A l

`4. In an outboard motor havinga powerhead and having a reversing transmission: a throttle on said powerhead; a rst spring means urging said throttle toward open position; operating linkage for said transmission including a pivotally mounted bell crank lever and including a manually operated movably mounted shifting lever positionable in forward, neutral, andreverse rvpositiclns; :throttle operating linkage 'convnected to saidfthrottle and including a second spring Whichis stronger than said first spring means normally urging said throttle toward closed position, said linkage also having a portion positioned for engagement by `said shifting lever from neutral'and movable thereby against the action ofthe second. spring to permit openingvv of said "throttle by said weaker first spring means when said lever is moved to forward position; and a linkl forming a toggle connection between said throttle linkage and the bell crank of said transmission operating linkage, said .bell crank being positioned to cause movement of. the throttle linkage a predetermined amount against amount by said first spring upon movement of.

the shifting lever toreverse position.

5. In an outboard motor having a power head and having a propeller shaft: shiftable transmission means providing for direct forward drive, providing a neutral in which no rotation is imparted to the propeller shaft, and providing 'a reverse, and including a planetary transmission connected between said power head and propeller shaft; a throttle on said power head movable between a relatively slow speed neutral position and a full speed position; a movably mounted manually operable shifting lever connected yto said' transmission meansy for shifting the latter,said lever having forward, neutral and reverse posi'- tions; Ythrottle linkage on said power head connected to saidthrottle and having spring means normallyv urging said throttle towardsaid neutral position, said shifting lever having a portion positioned for engagement with said throttle linkage when said shifting lever is in forward position to move said linkage and advance said throttle, said portion of the shafting lever being disengaged from said throttle linkage When'said shifting lever is in neutral position; and a second linkage connected to said shifting lever and to said throttle linkage and positioned to move said throttle linkage and throttle to a predetermined position. above neutral when saidsliifting lever is in reverse. y v

6. In an outboard motor: a power head having a drive shaft; a sun gear xed to said drive shaft; a planet pinion carrier rotatably mounted yon said drive shaft; a planet pinion rotatably mounted on said carrier and positioned to mesh with the-sun gear; a ring gear coaxial with said drive shaft and positioned to mesh with said planet pinion; a driven shaft driven by said ring gear; means including a releasable clutch for directly connecting said drive shaft to said carrier toy cause direct drive of ,said driven shaft by said drive shaft; releasabler brake means engageable With said carrier to prevent rotation thereof and cause reverse rotation of the driven shaft when the clutch is released, said sun gear, planet pinion and ring gear being of a size to cause the driven shaft to rotate v`at a substantially reduced speed relative to the drive shaft when said driven shaft is rotating in a reverse direction; and means vincluding linkage connected to said clutch and brake means to prevent engagement of one of said means when thetother is engaged.

'7. In an outboard motor: a power head havin a Vthrottle and having a drive'shaft; a sun gear fixed -to said drive shaft; a planet pinion carrier rotatably mounted on said drive shaft; a planet pinion rotatably mounted on said carrier and positioned to mesh with the sun gear; a ring gear coaxial with said drive shaft and positioned to mesh with said planet pinion; a driven shaft driven by said ring gear; means including a releasable clutch for directly connecting said drive shaft to said carrier to cause direct drive of said drivenshaft by said drive shaft; releasable brake means engageable with said carrier to prevent rotation thereof and cause reverse rotation of the driven shaft when the clutch means is released, said sun gear, planet pinion and ring gea-r being of a size to cause the-driven shaft to rotate at a substantially reduced speed relative to the drive shaft when said driven shaft is rotating in a reverse direction; a first linkage mechanism connecting said clutch and brake means to prevent propeller shaft: a movable throttle arm on said powerhead; a iirst spring connected to said throttle arm to normally urge the latter in a throttle opening direction; a movable auxiliary arm mounted on said powerhead and engageable with a portion of said throttle arm to limit the movement of the latter in a throttle opening direction; operating linkage connected to said auxiliary arm; a second spring stronger than said iirst spring so connected to said operating linkage as to urge said auxiliary arm in a direction to move the throttle arm in a throttleA closing direction; stop means for limiting the movement of the throttle linkage in the direction in which it is urged by said second spring; a movably mounted manually operable shifting lever connected to said transmission for shifting the latter; a cam member adjustably mounted on said shifting lever and engageable with said operating linkage, and said lever and cam being so positioned that when said lever is moved to one position the cam actuates said linkage against the action of said second spring to move the auxiliary arm in a direction to permit the rst spring to move the throttle arm toward open position.

15. In an outboard motor having a powerhead and having a propeller: a vertical drive shaft depending from said powerhead; a cup-shaped ring gear coaxial with said drive shaft and formed in its closed end with an axial bearing recess in which the lower end of said drive shaft is journalled for rotation relative thereto; a driven shaft xed to and depending from said ring gear and drivingly connected to said propeller; a sun gear formed on said drive shaft within said ring gear; a planet pinion carrier rotatably mounted on said drive shaft adjacent said sun gear; a planet pinion rotatably carried by said carrier and positioned to mesh with said sun and ring gears;v a brake drum fixed to said carrier and surrounding said drive shaft; releasable clutch means providing a driving' connection between said drive shaft and said brake drum when engaged; and a releasable brake band engageable with said brake drum for locking said drum against rotation.

ARTHUR R. LONG.

References Cited in the flle 01 this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,620,764 Hull Mar. 15, 1927 1,843,272 Evinrude Feb. 2, 1932 1,933,481 Mathias Oct. 31, 1933 1,941,360 Mathias Dec. 26, 1933 2,071,634 Irgens Feb. 23, 1937 2,229,055 Dick Jan. 21, 1941 2,321,098 Morse June 8, 1943 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 514,785 France Nov. 18, 1920 

